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Wood gas as motor fuel

Vesa Mikkonen is chairman of the Association of Ecological Motorists in Finland. He has driven more than 110,000 km on wood gas over the past 15 years, and has encouraged many drivers in Finland to build their own wood gas fuel systems.

Vesa's book Wood Gas for Mobile Applications is a detailed and thorough manual on building a wood gas fuel system for your car. First published in Finnish in 1999, the book is now in its 3rd English edition, with 307 pages, lavishly illustrated with hundreds of photographs, diagrams, construction blueprints and parts lists.

The first part of the book is a detailed overview of the wood gas concept, how it works, and building and using a gasifier; the second part covers the construction of several complete wood gas systems, all tried and tested and proven in practice on the road. These systems can be built by any experienced home mechanic. If you're interested in wood gas for fuel independence, this is the best resource.

Wood Gas for Mobile Applications -- brochure and Table of Contents:
http://www.ekomobiili.fi/Tekstit/Bookbrochure.pdf

Renewable Energy for Housing and Transportation -- Vesa Mikkonen's website (in English):
wood gas vehicle wood gas car wood gasifier windmill windpower Vesa Mikkonens woodgas page

Email: Vesa Mikkonen

Finnish Eco-car Association (wood fueled car association) (in Finnish)
Suomen Ekoautoilijat ry

Wood gas cars in Finland (many), with photographs
kalustoesittely

Jonathan Spreadborough's American Woodgas Site features current woodgas trucks and cars in the US:
http://www.woodgas.net/
Including Jonathan's own 1990 Ford F-250 fuel injected 5.0L truck, featured in a May 2008 article in the Lincoln Journal Star, "Martell man's Ford burns wood, not gas":
http://www.journalstar.com/articles/2008/05/29/news/
local/doc483de2c0af079325623826 .txt

The Gengas Page -- Fuel gas, produced by the reduction of coal and peat, was used for heating as early as 1840 in Europe, and by 1884 it had been adapted to fuel engines in England. Petroleum shortages during World War II led to widespread gas generator applications in the transportation industries of Western Europe. (Charcoal-burning taxis, a related application, were still common in Korea as late as 1970.) This report attempts to preserve the knowledge about wood gasification as put into practical use during World War II. Detailed, step-by-step procedures are presented in this report for constructing a simplified version of the World War II, Imbert wood gas generator. Full text online.
http://www.gengas.nu/byggbes/index.shtml

Wood gas as engine fuel, Mechanical Wood Products Branch, Forest Industries Division, FAO Forestry Department, 1986, ISBN 92-5-102436-7
The harmful effect of high and rising OIL PRICES on the economies and development efforts of oil-importing developing countries have become apparent. There has, as a result been increased interest in indigenous, renewable energy sources, of which biomass in the form of wood or agricultural residues is the most readily available in many developing countries. In many developing countries -- in particular in rural areas -- internal combustion engines are widely used in stationary applications such as electric power generation and operation of water pumps and mills. Technologies such as gasification, which allow utilization of biomass fuel in such engines after minimum preparation, are therefore of particular importance. A summary of modern wood gasification technology and the economics of its application to internal combustion engines. Full; text online.
Table of Contents

The making of the Kأ¤lle-gasifier by Torsten Kأ¤lle, Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering, 1942 (Translation to English 2000, Joacim Persson -- Torsten Kأ¤lle's charcoal gasifier was somewhat ahead of its time. It was very popular due to its easy maintenance and fuel economy. Some features of this gasifier are perhaps recognised in modern gasification technology; among many things it was a sort of predecessor to what today is called 'circulating fluidised bed.' Charcoal gasifiers were generally more popular than wood gasifiers during the producer gas era in Sweden in the days of WW2, even as the wood gasifiers improved in design. Wood gas was cheaper, but charcoal gasifiers were so much easier to handle.
http://www.hotel.ymex.net/~s-20222/gengas/kg_eng.html

Homemade Motor Fuel... From Firewood -- Mother Earth News March/April 1981
http://www.motherearthnews.com/libra...1_March_April/
Homemade_Motor_Fuel___Fro m_Firewood

MOTHER's Woodburning Truck -- After 1,500 miles of free-fuel driving, we found that you can run a truck using firewood for fuel. This article includes detailed diagrams, photographs and how the wood/gas generator was constructed. -- Mother Earth News May/June 1981
http://www.motherearthnews.com/Alter...1981_May_June/
Mother_s_Woodburning_Truc k

Wood-Gas Update -- More about MOTHER's woodburning truck and homestead electricity-generating plant; including cutaway detailed diagrams of the conversion process. -- Mother Earth News September/October 1981
http://www.motherearthnews.com/Alternative_Energy/
1981_September_October/Wood_Gas_Update

Around Sweden with wood in the tank -- "We started to build the car on New Year’s eve and many days, evenings and nights were sacrificed during the spring, to make the wood gas system and car working. We got a mishmash of Swedish cultural heritage that witnesses of traditional Swedish car industry, a tough war and 'farmers resourcefulness'. The car took us 5,420 km in 20 days, using 7 square metres of wood." How it works, the car, the roadtrip, travel blog, construction blog and more.
Around Sweden with wood in the tank

The Woodfired Gas Producer -- the Australian woodgas odyssey: "We reckoned on about 2,000 km per tonne of wood (2km/kg). This should be improved by the addition of steam to an expected 2,500-3,000 km per tonne. The amount of water used is about the same as the gallonage of petrol that would be consumed." Detailed description, with drawings. Create a Website | Tripod Web Hosting

"Small-Scale Biomass Gasifiers for Heat and Power -- A Global Review", by Hubert E. Stassen, World Bank Technical Paper Number 296, 1995, 88 pages -- A lot of information on woodgas. 3.5 Mb pdf:
http://www.woodgas.net/files/
World%20bank%20tech%20pap er%20296.pdf

Alternatives to Fossil Fueled Engine/Generators, by Clifford W. Mossberg -- Woodgas for engines and for power -- From Homepower Magazine. Acrobat file, 176kb

History of Woodgas, by Tom Reed of the Biomass Energy Foundation
Page not found | Juntos Energy Solutions, NFP

Woodgas Powered VW's and Other Vehicles
http://www2.whidbey.net/
lighthook/woodgas.htm
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recent years, Gene van Grechen in Australia built a 40 horsepower, boxer long stroke steam engine, and installed it in a passenger car chassis.

The French furnished us with the first Renault FT light tank off their assembly line, which we were to produce as the 'Six Ton Special Tractor (a code name). In February 1918, the AEF was told that the American copy would be in production shortly and that the first six vehicles would arrive in France in April. However, in February the drawings had not yet been converted from metric measurements and not all contracts had been let. Order did not come out of chaos until October 1918, and the first few tanks did not reach France until after the Armistice in November. For heavy tanks, the British Mark VIII. design was adopted, although none had yet been bruit. The plan m tins case was to divide construction between England and the United States, with assembly to take place in a new factory to be built in France. A few of these tanks were completed in England and 100 were built at Rock Island Arsenal in the United States from parts purchased in England, but not until after the war was over. The Mark VIII. and the Six Ton Tank remained the standard U.S. tanks for years following World War I.

However, part of the confusion over tank production was due to other designs being urged on the Army. Besides the vehicles already mentioned, there was the Mark I., or Ford Three-Man Tank, built by the Hudson Motor Car Company, then owned by the Ford family. This tank had resulted from a request by the Service if Supply in France for such vehicles for security purposes. Ford also proposed the little two-man tank which utilised many standard Model T parts. This vehicle was so well received by the Ordnance Department as a machine gun carrier and tractor that 15,000 were ordered, however, only some 15 reached France before Armistice Day, 1918, and the remainder were cancelled.

In the meantime, the Allied plans for using tanks in large numbers in 1919 included provisions for keeping up the momentum of attack by means of thousands of unarmed tracklaying tractors. The British took up the responsibility for furnishing these and adopted a British Ford design known as the Newton Tractor. In addition to production in England, the British contracted with Buick and Studebaker in the United States to build these tractors, known here incorrectly as Buick and Studebaker tanks. Only the Studebakers could have been so called, because that firm also built for the British an experimental armoured cover which could be dropped over the tractor and bolted to it. The resulting vehicles resembled a miniature British heavy tank.
Bibliography
Armed Forces Journal (Periodical), April 1973.
Bloch, A., Alternate Automotive Power Systems Fossil Fuel Burning, Automotive Industries, Philadelphia,Pennsylvania , 1969.
Derr, T.S., 'The Modern Steam Car and Its Background, Los Angeles, CA, 1945.
Popular Mechanics (Periodical), 1945-1973.
Popular Science (Periodical), 1945-1973.
Subcommittee on Air and Water Pollution of the Committee on Public Works, 90th Congress, 2nd Session, Automobile Steam Engines and Other External Combustion Engines, Serial No. 90-82, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1968.
Subcommittee on Air and Water Pollution of the Committee on Public Works, 92nd Congress, 2nd Session, Alternates to the Gasoline-Powered Internal Combustion Engine, Serial No. 92-H33, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1972.
'The Antique Automobile' (Periodical).
Walton, J.W., 'Doble Steam Cars, Buses, Lorries and Rail Cars', Light Steam Power, Kirk Michael, Isle of Man,1970.
Correspondence with:
Gibbs-Hosick Trust (Steam Motor Systems), Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
Highway Aircraft Corporation, Sidney, Nebraska.
Kinetics Corporation, Sarasora, Florida.
Victor Millman, Costa Mesa, California.
Paxve Inc., Newport Beach, California.
Michael Rosen, San Francisco, California.
Thermo-Electron Engineering Corporation, Waltham, MA.
Steamotive Inc., Tempe, Arizona.
Williams Engineering Company, Inc., Huntingdon Valley, Pennsylvania.




So..... Steam powered M4 or Tiger anyone?