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قديم 19-11-2008, 02:16 AM
sam ram sam ram غير متواجد حالياً
 
تاريخ التسجيل: Oct 2008
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افتراضي رد: بالصور حادث سيات ليون ٢٠٠٨على ١٨٠ كم/س في مصر

ده موقع بيحسب مسافه التوقف
www.csgnetwork.com/stopdistcalc.html

ودي لعبه بتبين سرعه رد الفعل و الفرمله وعلاقتهم بالمسافه

http://www.4shared.com/file/72124333...oadSafety.html

Stopping Distance Calculation

For calculating minimum stopping distance, a value of 0.8 is a nominal value for the coefficient of static friction between good tires and a good road surface. Almost always, coefficients of kinetic friction are less, and are dramatically less for wet, icy, slick, sandy, dirty very smooth or oily surfaces. For many newer high performance tires with good tread, the coefficient of kinetic friction on a dry road surface may approach 0.8 if the braking is not so prolonged as to cause tire melting. You may wish to plug in a smaller value such as .7 or .6 for a vehicle with normally driven and worn tires. Poor condition tires might yield .5 or .4 for a closer representation of friction.

لو اعتبرنا ان معامل التماسك (الاحتكاك ) هو الحاله المثاليه ... يعني U=0.8
عند سرعه 180كم ساعه ..... حتكون مسافه التوقف 159.5 متر
ولو فيه اي عوامل مؤثره على معامل الاحتكاك ( الاسفلت ... الحراره .... ضغط العجل .... )
عند U=0.7 ..... حنلاقي مسافه التوقف تبقى 182 متر




Stopping Distance For A Vehicle

Assuming proper operation of the brakes on the vehicle, the minimum stopping distance for a vehicle is determined by the effective coefficient of friction between the tires and the road, and the driver's reaction time in a braking situation. The friction force of the road must do enough work on the car to reduce its kinetic energy to zero. If the wheels of the car continue to turn while braking, then static friction is operating, while if the wheels are locked and sliding over the road surface, the braking force is a kinetic friction force only.




To reduce the kinetic energy to zero:


so the stopping distance is







معادله احتساب مسافه التوقف
المتغيرات .... المسافه .... السرعه ... معامل الاحتكاك بيعتمد على حاله الطريق او تماسك العربيه
Note that this implies a stopping distance independent of vehicle mass, and in this case, driver reaction time. It also implies a quadrupling of stopping distance with a doubling of vehicle speed.



Unlike thinking distances, braking distances are not directly proportional to speed. A slight increase in speed greatly increases braking distances. This is why there is a continuous campaign to enforce the 30 mph speed limit in built-up areas.

Speed (mph)



السرعه (ميل)


Speed (m/s)



السرعه متر/ثانيه


Braking Distance (m)



مسافه الفرمله


20






8·9






6






30






13·3






14






40






17·8






24






50






22·2






38






60






26·7






56






70






31·1






75






نلاحظ من الجدول ان السرعه عندما زادت من 20 الي 40 زادت مسافه التوقف من 6 الي 24
بمعنى مضاعفه السرعه مرتين توؤدي الي زياده مسافه التوقف اربعه اضعاف
ونفس المثال عند 30 و 60.... زادت المسافه من 14 الي 56



Looking carefully at the data, we can see that doubling the speed (from say 20 to 40 mph) increases the braking distance by four times (6 to 24 m). Doubling from 30 to 60 mph has the same effect: braking increases 4 times from 14 to 56 m.






















Thinking Distances











For alert drivers, reaction times are nearly always going to be the same. How far you travel whilst thinking, therefore, depends on only one thing: speed!





From our work on speed, we know that distance = speed × time. Since the reaction time is essentially constant, the thinking distance is directly proportional to speed.





This direct propotionality can be seen in the table of thinking distances shown below. For each 10 mph increase in speed, thinking distance goes up by exactly 3 m.




Speed (mph)






Speed (m/s)






Thinking Distance (m)






20






8·9






6






30






13·3






9






40






17·8






12






50






22·2






15






60






26·7






18






70






31·1






21















BRAKING DISTANCE FROM 90 km/hr and 120 km/hr
Honda Integra GS-R

42






74.4






Audi A4

43.5






80.7






BMW Z3 (2.8)

36.9






64.5






Ferrari 550 Maranello

33.6






59.7






Lexus ES300

42






73.8






Lexus LS400

45.3






78






Mazda MX-5

45.6






76.8






Mazda Protege

47.4






86.1






Mercedes C36

36






63






Mercedes SLK230 Kompressor

36






62.7






Nissan Maxima

42






72.9






Nissan 200SX

38.7






68.4






Saab 9000 Aero

36.6






66.3






Subaru Liberty RX

40.8






70.8






ffice:smarttags" />Toyota Camry V6

43.5






82.2






Toyota Corolla

55.8






95.7






Porsche 911 Carrera 4

37.8






66.9













ارجو يكون الكلام ده وضح اد ايه السرعه مع زيادتها بتأثر جدا في مسافه التوقف

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